关于离散空间定位和连续空间定位

Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) operating in the Ultra-Wideband domain are becoming more common in many applications; ranging from automated student attendance verification to tool tracking for major aircraft manufacturers. The reason that UWB is gaining in popularity is that it has many attributes that allow it to provide new capabilities that are not possible with traditional RTLS. The choice of UWB RTLS architecture will impact the ability to achieve the greatest ROI from these new capabilities.

在超宽带域中运行的实时定位系统（RTLS）在许多应用中变得越来越普遍；从自动学生出勤验证到主要飞机制造商的工具跟踪。UWB 越来越受欢迎的原因是它具有许多属性，使其能够提供传统 RTLS 无法实现的新功能。UWB RTLS 架构的选择将影响从这些新功能中实现最 大投资回报率的能力。

Some system architectures are designed to only provide locating in specific areas of coverage. This is a result of architecture choices that make the system too expensive for continuous coverage. Typically these architectures use discrete, multi sensor cells with inward focused antennas for each area of coverage, with each cell being a complete subsystem. For the purposes of this paper, we’ll term this discrete cell architecture. Unfortunately these architectures can add cost, complexity, and the potential for error associated with cell handoff.

一些系统架构被设计为仅提供定位于特定的覆盖区域。这是由于使系统过于昂贵的架构选择以实现持续覆盖。通常这些架构使用具有向内聚焦天线的离散多传感器单元对于每个覆盖区域，每个小区都是一个完整的子系统。出于本文的目的，我们将这种离散单元架构称为“分立单元架构”。不幸的是这些架构会增加成本、复杂性以及与小区切换相关的错误的可能性。

Discrete cell architecture can affect not only the cost of coverage, but the cost of installation. Systems built with discrete cell architecture must rely on sophisticated radio channel schemes, which increase the cost of site design and increase the complexity of post installation tuning. Although there can be some benefits, these same results can be achieved by other means without adding the complexity of additional long range radio links.

离散小区架构不仅会影响覆盖成本，还会影响安装成本。系统采用离散单元架构构建必须依赖复杂的无线电信道方案，这增加了站点设计的成本并增加了安装后调整的复杂性。虽然可以带来一些好处，这些相同的结果可以通过其他方式实现，而无需增加额外的长的复杂性范围无线电链路。

Cost of Ownership can also be affected by architectural fundamentals. The addition of two way radio communication using non-UWB channels draws significantly higher power from the tag and can thwart one of the prime advantages of UWB: Ultra long battery life at very fast update rates.

拥有成本也会受到架构基础的影响。添加使用非 UWB 通道的双向无线电通信会显着提高标签的功率，并可能阻碍 UWB 的主要优势之一：以非常快的更新速率实现超长的电池寿命。

By choosing a system architecture that is designed to provide complete coverage over large areas and utilizes simple beacon UWB radio links, assets or people can be constantly tracked throughout an entire enterprise in a cost effective manner, over a long period of time, without interruption.

通过选择旨在提供大面积完全覆盖并利用简单信标 UWB 无线电链路的系统架构，可以在很长一段时间内以经济高效的方式不间断地持续跟踪整个企业的资产或人员 。

A system that is designed for continuous coverage can utilize receivers that don’t view a single direction,but look in all directions at once. This allows a single location sensor, (radio receiver) to replace 4 celltype location sensors that only have a 90 degree field of view. The result is a greatly reduced number ofsensors, and a corresponding reduction in costly cabling.

专为连续覆盖而设计的系统可以利用不查看单个方向而是同时查看所有方向的接收器。这允许单个位置传感器（无线电接收器）取代仅具有 90 度视场的 4 个单元类型位置传感器。其结果是大大减少了传感器的数量，并相应减少了昂贵的布线。

Additionally, it is possible to have tags that blink at a rate of once per second, but will still blink continuously for 7 years without the complexity of motion sensors and other sources of field failures. Since the update of rate of these tags is so high, a second radio to manipulate that update rate is not required. This simplifies installation, virtually eliminates post installation tweaking, and minimizes maintenance.

此外，标签可以每秒闪烁一次，但仍会连续闪烁 7 年，而无需复杂的运动传感器和其他现场故障来源。由于这些标签的更新速率如此之高，因此不需要第二个无线电来操纵该更新速率。这简化了安装，几乎消除了安装后的调整，并最 大限度地减少了维护。